01868nas a2200169   4500008004100000245006900041210006300110300001200173490000800185520126600193653010601459100001901565700002001584700002301604700002101627856005001648       2007                        eng d00aThe Cape element in the Afrotemperate flora: from Cape to Cairo?0 aCape element in the Afrotemperate flora from Cape to Cairo  a535-5430 v2743 aThe build-up of biodiversity is the result of immigration and in situ speciation. We investigate these two processes for four lineages (Disa, Irideae p.p. the Pentaschistis clade and Restionaceae) that are widespread in the Afrotemperate flora. These four lineages may be representative of the numerous clades which are species rich in the Cape and also occur in the highlands of tropical Africa. It is as yet unclear in which direction the lineages spread. Three hypotheses have been proposed: (i) a tropical origin with a southward migration towards the Cape, (ii) a Cape origin with a northward migration into tropical Africa, and (iii) vicariance. None of these hypotheses has been thoroughly tested. We reconstruct the historical biogeography of the four lineages using likelihood optimization onto molecular phylogenies. We find that tropical taxa are nested within a predominantly Cape clade. There is unidirectional migration from the Cape into the Drakensberg and from there northwards into tropical Africa. The amount of in situ diversification differs between areas and clades. Dating estimates show that the migration into tropical East Africa has occurred in the last 17Myr, consistent with the Mio-Pliocene formation of the mountains in this area.10ahistorical biogeography, ancestral character reconstruction, phytogeography, molecular dating, Africa1 aGalley, Chloé1 aBytebier, Benny1 aBellstedt, Dirk, U1 aLinder, Peter, H  uhttps://juncaginaceae.myspecies.info/node/115