@inbook {357, title = {Juncaginaceae}, booktitle = {Flora of the South West - Bunbury, Augusta, Denmark}, volume = {1}, year = {2002}, note = {gute Kurzbeschreibungen der Arten, wichtigste Merkmale zur Unterscheidung, Abbildungen der Fr{\"u}chte}, pages = {337-339}, publisher = {Australian Biological Resources Study}, organization = {Australian Biological Resources Study}, address = {Canberra}, keywords = {Australia, South West, Juncaginaceae, Triglochin, T. calcitrapum, T. centrocarpum, T. minutissimum, T. trichophorum, T. huegelii, T. lineare, T. mucronatum, T. muelleri, T. striatum}, author = {Wheeler, Judy and Marchant, Neville and Lewington, Margaret} } @article {309, title = {Why are most aquatic plants widely distributed? Dispersal, clonal growth and small-scale heterogeneity in a stressful environment}, journal = {Acta OecologicaActa Oecologica}, volume = {23}, year = {2002}, pages = {137-154}, abstract = {Non-marine aquatic vascular plants generally show broad distributional ranges. Climatic factors seem to have limited effects on their distributions, besides the determination of major disjunctions (tropical-temperate-subarctic). Dispersal should have been frequent enough to assure the quick colonisation of extensive areas following glacial retreat, but dispersal limitation is still apparent in areas separated by geographic barriers. Aquatic vascular plants also show limited taxonomic differentiation and low within-species genetic variation. Variation within populations is particularly low, but variation among populations seems to be relatively high, mainly due to the persistence of long-lived clones. Ecotypic differentiation is often related to factors that constrain clonal reproduction (salinity and ephemeral inundation). Inland aquatic habitats are heterogeneous environments, but this heterogeneity largely occurs at relatively small scales (within waterbodies and among neighbouring ones). They also represent a stressful environment for plants, characterised by low carbon availability, shaded conditions, sediment anoxia, mechanical damage by currents and waves, significant restrictions to sexual reproduction, and sometimes also osmotic stress and limited nutrient supply. I propose that the generality of broad distributions and low differentiation among the inland aquatic flora is best explained by a combination of: (1) selection for stress-tolerant taxa with broad tolerance ranges. (2) The selective advantages provided by clonal growth and multiplication, which increases plant tolerance to stress, genet survivorship and population viability. (3) Long-distance dispersal of sexual propagules and high local dispersal of asexual clones. (4) The generality of broad plastic responses, promoted by the combination of clonal growth, high local dispersal, small-scale spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability.}, keywords = {Aquatic angiosperms, clonal reproduction, dispersal, genetic variation, geographic distribution, habitat heterogeneity, plasticity}, author = {Santamar{\'\i}a, Luis} } @article {310, title = {Waterbird-mediated dispersal of aquatic organisms: an introduction}, journal = {Acta OecologicaActa Oecologica}, volume = {23}, year = {2002}, pages = {115-119}, abstract = {Introduction to special issue, workshop on the "Dispersal of aquatic organisms"}, author = {Santamar{\'\i}a, Luis and Klaassen, Marcel} } @article {278, title = {Comparison of ecosystems in the Mediterranean Basin and Western Australia}, journal = {Plant Ecology}, volume = {163}, year = {2002}, note = {p. 182:Only a few genera are present with native species in both regions (Western Australia and Mediterranean): Clematis, Ranunculus, Hydrocotyle, Utricularia, Helichrysum, Juncus, TRIGLOCHIN, Typha, Schoenus, Isolepis, Carex.}, pages = {177-186}, abstract = {

A comparison between fire-prone ecosystems in the Mediterranean basin and Western Australia shows convergent adaptations in structure, life forms and flora evolution. Both areas have in common summer drought and winter rainfall. Reproductive biology is mainly correlated with fire ecology; the different length of human impact and history seem to be responsible for floristic divergency in both areas. The ecological significance of pollination by insects, birds and mammals and problems of the seed banks are discussed.

}, keywords = {Mediterranean type ecosystems, Western Australia, pollination biology, fire-prone ecosystems, seed bank}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/20051321}, author = {Pignatti, Erika and Pignatti, Sandro and Ladd, Philip G.} } @article {208, title = {Systematics of Seagrasses (Zosteraceae) in Australia and New Zealand}, journal = {Systematic BotanySystematic Botany}, volume = {27}, number = {3}, year = {2002}, note = {evtl. interessantes paper zitiert (Bayer 1999) zur Evolution polyploider KomplexeCTAB-Methode (Rogstad 1992)}, pages = {468-484}, keywords = {systematics, taxonomy, ITS, trnK intron, rbcL, Zosteraceae, seagrasses, Australia, New Zealand}, author = {Les, Donald H. and Moody, Michael L. and Jacobs, Surrey W.L. and Bayer, Randall J.} } @article {110, title = {Dispersal of aquatic organisms by waterbirds: a review of past research and priorities for future studies}, journal = {Freshwater Biology}, volume = {47}, year = {2002}, pages = {483-494}, abstract = {

1. Inland wetlands constitute ecological islands of aquatic habitat often isolated by huge areas of non-suitable terrestrial habitats. Although most aquatic organisms lack the capacity to disperse by themselves to neighbouring catchments, many species present widespread distributions consitent with frequent dispersal by migratory waterbirds.

2. A literature review indicates that bird-mediated passive transport of propagules of aquatic invertebrates and plants is a frequent process in the field, at least at a local scale. Both endozoochory (internal transport) and ectozoochory (external transport) are important processes.

3. The characteristics of the dispersed and the disperser species that facilitate such transport remain largely uninvestigated, but a small propagule size tends to favour dispersal by both internal and external transport.

4. We review the information currently available on the processes of waterbird-mediated dispersal, establishing the limits of current knowledge and highlighting problems with research methods used in previous studies, We also identify studies required in the future to further our understanding of the role of such dispersal in aquatic ecology.

}, keywords = {dispersal capacity, seed dispersal, egg dispersal, habitat colonisation, community composition}, author = {Figuerola, Jordi and Green, Andy J.} } @inbook {128, title = {Juncaginaceae}, booktitle = {Plants of Central Asia. Plant Collections from China and Mongolia}, volume = {6}, year = {2002}, note = {p. 56/57: Triglochin maritimumSolonchak meadows and swamps, along solonchak banks of rivers, lakes and springs.General distribution: Aral-Casp., Fore Balkh., Nor. and Cent. Tien Shan, East. Pam.; Arctic, Europe, Mediterranean, Balk.-Asia Minor, Caucasus, Mid. Asia, West. and East. Sib., Far East (south), Nor. Mongolia (Hent., Hang., Mong.-Daur.), China (Dubei, North, Northwest), Japan, North and South America.P. 57/58: Triglochin palustrisWet and marshy banks of rivers and lakes on solonchak-like meadows, on coastal pubble beds.General distribution: Aral-Casp., Fore Balkh., Jung-Tarb., Nor. and Cent. Tien Shan, East. Pamir; Arctic, Europe, Caucasus, Mid. Asia, West. and East. Sib., Far East, Nor. Mongolia, China (Dubei, North, North-west, South-west), Himalayas, Korean peninsula, Japan, North America, South America (Chile).}, pages = {56-58}, publisher = {Science Publishers}, organization = {Science Publishers}, address = {Enfield (NH), USA}, keywords = {Central Asia, China, Mongolia, Juncaginaceae, T. maritimum, T. palustre, Triglochin}, author = {Grubov, V.I. and Matzenko, A.E. and Pachomova, M.G.} } @article {56, title = {B-Class organ identity in basal monocots}, year = {2002}, note = {abstract "Botany 2002" conference}, abstract = {In basal monocots (e.g. Acoraceae, Alismatales s. APG 1998) it is difficult to unravel the ancestral features if floral morphology by comparison with their outgroups (magnoliids) and more derived clades of monocots. Two general types occur:1) flowers with distinct sepals and petals, often two or several whorls of stamens and carpels, and intercarpellary nectaries (e.g. Alismataceae, Butomaceae, Hydrocharitaceae, Tofieldiaceae);2) flowers with an undifferentiated perianth consisting of tepals, one or two whorls of carpels, which are often centrally fused and lack intercarpellary nectaries (e.g. Acoraceae, Araceae, Aponogetonaceae, Juncaginaceae, Potamogetonaceae, Scheuchzeriaceae).Type 1 is most similar to flowers in magnoliids such as Annonaceae, Aristolochiaceae, and monocots such as Dioscoreaceae and Liliaceae, whereas type 2 is similar to magnoliids such as Saururaceae and Chloranthaceae. In current phylogenetic analyses Acoraceae are sister to all other monocots, and Aponogetonaceae are basal within Alismatales. Therefore, the second type may represent a suite of morphologically plesiomorphic character states. However, because these basal clades stand on long branches, the actual features may as well have undergone extensive anagenesis, and therefore represent autapomorphies.To elucidate floral evolution in these basal monocots, a better understanding of perianth organ identity, differentiation and development is critical. Some of the genes responsible for the differentiation of the perianth are transcription factors of the MADS-box gene family, known as B-class genes: orthologs of APETALA3 and PISTILLATA in Arabidopsis, and DEFICIENS and GLOBULOSA in Antirrhinum. Expression of B-class genes in perianth organs of basal monocots exhibiting a morphologically undifferentiated perianth would be consistent with a petaloid developmental program for these organs, even though the perianth may appear bracteolar or sepalous in later stages of development. B-class genes in the genus Triglochin (Juncaginaceae) are characterized and the application of reverse transcription in situ PCR (RT-ISPCR) is discussed.}, keywords = {flower development, MADS-box genes, monocots, organ identity, RT-ISPCR}, author = {Buzgo, Matyas and Soltis, Douglas E. and Soltis, Pamela S. and Hauser, Bernard A. and Johansen, Bo} } @article {29, title = {Freshwater requirements of a semi-arid supratidal and floodplain salt marsh}, journal = {EstuariesEstuaries}, volume = {25}, number = {6B}, year = {2002}, note = {Triglochin bulbosa}, pages = {1394-1405}, abstract = {When rivers are impounded, the reduction in downstream flow can produce important and often adverse effects, especially in the estuarine environment. One or more dams have been proposed for the Olifants River system in the Western Cape, South Africa. This estuary has an extensive area of salt marsh that was examined to see whether it required occasional flooding with freshwater to wash out accumulated salts. The dominant salt marsh species, Sarcocornia pillansii, occurred in supratidal and floodplain areas where the water table was shallowest, the soil moisture highest, and the soil electrical conductivity lowest. Aerial photographs and simulated runoff data showed that no flood had covered the floodplain during the previous 80 years. The data indicate that salt marsh plants use saline groundwater during the dry months of the year in order to survive, but use the short season winter rainfall period with low salinity conditions to grow and reproduce. This study demonstrated that live roots of S. pillansii reached the water table during the dry season. Tissue and soil water potentials, the relationship between vegetation cover, depth to the water table, and electrical conductivity of the groundwater support the conclusion that saline groundwater is the only source of water during the drier months of the year. Freshwater flooding of the river in winter may be important because it covers the supratidal area with less saline water and reduces the depth to the water table on the floodplain. This makes the groundwater more accessible to the halophytes growing on the floodplain.}, keywords = {South Africa, salt marsh, Sarcocornia pillansii}, author = {Bornman, T.G. and Adams, J.B. and Bate, G.C.} }