@article {463, title = {Original publication of Triglochin crassiculme}, year = {2006}, chapter = {267} } @article {386, title = {Palynological implications of the presence of Triglochin in Holocene palaeoenvironmental reconstructions in the Coastal Plain of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil}, journal = {Revista Espan{\~o}la de Micropaleontologia}, volume = {38}, year = {2006}, pages = {93-101}, abstract = {

The detailed morphological description of the recent Triglochin striata Ruiz \& Pav. pollen, widespread in the salt and brackish-water marshes and interdunal depressions, was done using optical microscope and scanning electron microscopes. Pollen morphology analysis provided a possibility to distinguish dispersed Triglochin type pollen from the Holocene sediments. The dispersed Triglochin type pollen was registered in the surface sediments from eight locations in the salt marshes of the estuarine part of the Patos Lagoon, and eleven Holocene samples from core B-2. The obtained results provide the importance of this taxon as a reliable indicator of terrestrial environments with elevated
salinity in the coastal plain of Rio Grande do Sul State.

}, keywords = {Brazil, Coastal Plain of Rio Grande do Sul State, Holocene, Palaeoenvironmental reconstructions, pollen, salt marsh, Triglochin striata}, url = {http://revistas.igme.es/index.php/revista_micro/article/viewFile/323/320}, author = {EF Pires and S Medeanic} } @article {347, title = {Genetic diversity of an endangered aquatic plant, Potamogeton lucens subspecies sinicus}, journal = {Aquatic BotanyAquatic Botany}, volume = {85}, year = {2006}, pages = {350-354}, keywords = {AMOVA, P. lucens var. teganumensis, RAPD, soil seed bank, genetic diversity, conservation, endangered species}, author = {Uehara, Koichi and Tanaka, Norio and Momohara, Arata and Zhou, Zhe-Kun} } @article {314, title = {Vegetation of quartz fields in the Little Karoo, Tanqua Karoo and eastern Overberg (Western Cape Province, South Africa)}, journal = {PhytocoenologiaPhytocoenologia}, volume = {36}, number = {1}, year = {2006}, pages = {1-44}, abstract = {Quartz fields are a very special habitat characterised by occurrence of pavements of angular quartz debris being the result of weathering of quartz veins embedded in soft bedrock (shale, phyllite). Quartz fields support vegetation dominated by leaf-succulent dwarf shrubs, belonging to the Aizoaceae (mainly subfamilies Mesembryanthemoideae and Ruschioideae), Crassulaceae and Asteraceae. In this study we have described and classified plant communities of the quartz fields of the Little Karoo and adjacent regions (Tanqua Karoo, Overberg) in the Western Cape Province (South Africa). Here we present data and ideas on species composition, life-form texture, physiognomic structure, species richness, habitat preferences, geographic distribution, and conservation status of the quartz fields and their constituent plant species. Locally endemic taxa of the genus Gibbaeum (Haw.) N. E. Br. (Aizoaceae) are dominating most of the studied quartz fields. This paper features sixteen plant communities, all of them formally described as new associations and all of them, except for the Drosanthemo-Psilocauletum juncei, largely limited to quartz field habitats. They are classified into 5 community groups, of which the Gibbaeion angulipedis, Gibbaeo dispar-Lampranthylion altistyli and Gibbaeo nuciformi-Pteronion viscosi are being formally recognized as alliances. This paper is a pioneering attempt to present a first formal syntaxonomy of the vegetation of a region of the Succulent Karoo Biome in South Africa.}, keywords = {Aizoaceae, Gibbaeum, phytosociology, semi-desert, Succulent Karoo Biome}, author = {Schmiedel, Ute and Mucina, Ladislav} } @article {322, title = {Flower-like terminal structures in racemose inflorescences: a tool in morphogenetic and evolutionary research}, journal = {Journal of Experimental BotanyJournal of Experimental Botany}, volume = {57}, number = {13}, year = {2006}, note = {mehrere Triglochin-Arten untersucht: T. maritima, T. bulbosa, T. palustris; Tofieldia}, pages = {3517-3530}, abstract = {Terminal flower-like structures (TFLS) occur in many angiosperms that possess indeterminate inflorescences such as spikes, racemes, or spadices. We describe and review TFLS in early-divergent angiosperms, especially the magnoliid order Piperales and the monocot order Alismatales, in which floral interpretation is controversial. Essentially similar TFLS occur in a wide range of taxa. Among magnoliids, they occur in some Piperales (Saururaceae and a few Piperaceae), but are absent from Chloranthaceae. Among monocots, they occur in some early-divergent families such as Acoraceae, Aponogetonaceae, Juncaginaceae, Potamogetonaceae, and Ruppiaceae. Similar TFLS with obscure organ identity are recorded in mutants of Arabidopsis. TFLS can often be interpreted as pseudanthia (close aggregations of reduced flowers), but in some cases the entire terminal pseudanthium is very similar to a true flower. In some cases, elaborated TFLS could therefore have given rise to what are normally termed ムtrueメ (i.e. euanthial) flowers. Data presented here on terminal pseudanthia in Potamogeton and Ruppia support a pseudanthial evolutionary origin of reproductive units in the alismatid families Zannichelliaceae and Cymodoceaceae. Furthermore, in some alismatid species, either the entire inflorescence apex or an individual primordium at or near the inflorescence tip can be transformed into a filamentous or tubular (or intermediate) structure. A tubular structure enclosing stamens and carpels is described in Piper. This indicates that pseudanthium formation can provoke morphological novelties, perhaps due to new patterns of overlap between expression zones of regulatory genes and/or new spatial constraints. }, keywords = {Alismatales, development, flower, inflorescence, organ identity, Piperales, pseudanthium, regulatory genes}, author = {Sokoloff, Dmitry and Rudall, Paula J. and Remizowa, Margarita} } @inbook {291, title = {Alismatales [Draft]}, booktitle = {Flora of China}, year = {2006}, note = {Juncaginaceae [Draft]Triglochin palustre: marshes, streamsides and wet meadows, up to ca. 4500m; Gansu, Hebei, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shandong, Sichuan (Chengkou), Xinjiang, Xizang; [Bhutan, Sikkim; cosmopolitan in temperate regions]Triglochin maritimum: marshes, up to ca. 5200m; Gansu, Hebei, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan; [Bhutan, Sikkim, widely distributed in the temperate and cold regions of N Hemisphere]}, keywords = {Alismatales, Alismataceae, Aponogetonaceae, Butomaceae, Hydrocharitaceae, Juncaginaceae, Najadaceae, Potamogetonaceae, Scheuchzeriaceae, Zannichelliaceae, China}, author = {Qingfeng, Wang and Haynes, Robert R.} } @article {273, title = {RNA editing and phylogenetic reconstruction in two monocot mitochondrial genes}, journal = {TaxonTaxon}, volume = {55}, number = {4}, year = {2006}, pages = {871-886}, abstract = {The mitochondrial genome of land plants has a high level of evolutionary plasticity that may impair its use in phylogenetic analyses. Among the most challenging properties are RNA editing and retroprocessing of edited mRNA into the mitochondrial and/or nuclear genome as processed paralogs. Using mtDNA sequence data encoding for apocytochrome B (cob) and the alpha subunit of F1-ATP synthase (atp1) across the monocots, and in two subclades, alismatids and Agavaceae, it is shown that edited sites, despite being more homoplasious than non-edited sites, perform well on the trees, and that they are not randomly distributed among taxa but have a clade specific distribution. Indirect evidence for the presence of processed paralogs is presented and their likely evolutionary fate discussed. }, keywords = {Agavaceae, Alismatales, Calycanthaceae, Monocotyledones, phylogeny, RNA editing, processed paralogs}, author = {Petersen, Gitte and Seberg, Ole and Davis, Jerrold I. and Stevenson, Dennis W.} } @article {116, title = {Geographical affinities of the Cape flora, South Africa}, journal = {Journal of BiogeographyJournal of Biogeography}, volume = {33}, number = {2}, year = {2006}, pages = {236-250}, abstract = {Aim: The flora characteristic of the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) is dominated by a relatively small number of clades that have been proposed as {\textquoteright}Cape clades{\textquoteright}. These clades have variously been suggested to have African or Austral affinities. Here we evaluate the support for these conflicting hypotheses. In addition, we test the hypothesis that these clades share a common time of differentiation from their geographical neighbours.Location: The Cape Floristic Region, South AfricaMethods: We use both published and unpublished phylogenetic information to investigate the geographical sister areas of the Cape clades as well as the timing and the direction of biogeographical disjunctions.Results: Almost half of the Cape clades for which unambiguous sister areas could be established show a trans-Indian Ocean disjunction. The earliest trans-Indian Ocean disjunction dates from 80 Ma. Other disjunctions date from various times in the Cenozoic, and we suggest that the process of recruiting lineages into the Cape flora might be ongoing. Relatively few Cape clades show a sister relationship with South America and tropical Africa, despite their relative geographical proximity. Numerous Cape clades contain species also found on tropical African mountains; in all cases tested, these species are shown to be embedded within the Cape clades. While many Cape clades show a relationship with the Eurasian temperate flora, this is complicated by their presence in tropical Africa. The single case study addressing this to date suggests that the Cape clade is nested within a European grade.Main conclusions: Although many Cape clades show Austral rather than African relationships, there are numerous other patterns suggestive of a cosmopolitan flora. This spatial variation is echoed in the temporal data, from which, although there is wide variance around the dates of disjunctions, it is clear the Cape flora has been assembled over a long time period. There is no simple hypothesis that can account for the geographical sources of the currently distinctive Cape flora. The phylogenetic positions of Afromontane members of Cape clades suggest a history of dispersal from the CFR, rather than the reverse.}, keywords = {Africa, biogeography, Cape flora, disjunct distribution, dispersal, Gondwana, vicariance}, author = {Galley, C. and Linder, H. Peter} } @article {57, title = {Perianth development in the basal monocot Triglochin maritima (Juncaginaceae)}, journal = {Aliso}, volume = {22}, year = {2006}, pages = {107-125}, abstract = {

Basal monocots exhibit considerable variation in inflorescence and floral structure. In some cases, such as Triglochin maritima, it is not clear whether the lateral and terminal structures of the inflorescence are flowers or pseudanthia, or where the limits between flowers and inflorescence lie. To address these questions, morphological studies were carried out, and the results show that in T. maritima both terminal and lateral structures are flowers, not pseudanthia. The terminal flower of T. maritima develops from the apical inflorescence meristem, suggesting that the apical meristem identity changes from \‘\‘inflorescence\’\’ to \‘\‘flower\’\’ during inflorescence development. In addition, distal flowers of T. maritima are reduced, and there is no distinct flower-subtending bract; instead, the perianth develops unidirectionally, resulting in an abaxial-median bract-like tepal and bilaterally symmetrical flowers, similar to those of other basal monocots, such as Aponogeton and Acorus. It is possible that the leaf primordium changes its positional homology from \‘\‘flower-subtending bract\’\’ to \‘\‘tepal.\’\’ Therefore, in some basal angiosperms with abbreviated development of lateral flowers the demarcation of the flower vs. the inflorescence is ontogenetically ambiguous. In situ hybridization experiments show that a putative ortholog of the B-class gene APETALA3 / DEFICIENS is expressed in developing stamens and carpels, and may also be expressed in the shoot axis of the very young inflorescence. This expression pattern seems to be consistent with the gradual transition between inflorescence and flower that was observed morphologically.

}, keywords = {APETALA3, basal angiosperms, fading borders, gene expression pattern, Juncaginaceae, MADS-box gene, monocots, organ identity, Triglochin}, url = {http://curis.ku.dk/ws/files/13860089/PERIANTH_DEVELOPMENT_IN_THE_BASAL_MONOCOT.pdf}, author = {Buzgo, Matyas and Soltis, Douglas E. and Soltis, Pamela S. and Kim, Sangtae and Ma, Hong and Hauser, Bernard A. and Leebens-Mack, Jim and Johansen, Bo} } @article {85, title = {Are mitochondrial genes useful for the analysis of monocot relationships?}, journal = {TaxonTaxon}, volume = {55}, number = {4}, year = {2006}, pages = {857-870}, abstract = {A phylogenetic analysis of monocots and related dicots was conducted, using a four-gene matrix consisting of two genes from the plastid genome (matK and rbcL) and two from the mitochondrial genome (atpA/atp1 and cob). The taxon sample includes 101 monocots and 36 dicots, and all four genes were sampled for all 137 taxa. Jackknife support was assessed for clades resolved by the four-gene analysis, and compared to support for the same clades by each of the four three-gene subset matrices, in order to quantify the degree to which each gene contributed to or detracted from support for each clade. Instances of positively and negatively correlated support for clades by genes of the same and different genomes were observed. In particular, the placement of Acorus within a clade that also includes Tofieldiaceae, Araceae, and Alismatales s.s., as opposed to its frequent placement as sister of all other monocots, is supported by atpA and matK. The results indicate that genes from the mitochondrial genome provide a unique test of relationships that have been inferred with plastid-encoded genes. }, keywords = {atpA, cob, mitochondrial genes, matK, monocots, phylogenetics, plastid genes, rbcL}, author = {Davis, Jerrold I. and Petersen, Gitte and Seberg, Ole and Stevenson, Dennis W. and Hardy, Christopher R. and Simmons, Mark P. and Michelangeli, Fabian A. and Goldman, Douglas H. and Campbell, Lisa M. and Specht, Chelsea D. and Cohen, James I.} }