00635nas a2200181 4500008004100000245001800041210001800059260005200077300001200129490000600141653002600147653001800173653014800191100001800339700002200357700002400379856005000403 2002 eng d00aJuncaginaceae0 aJuncaginaceae aCanberrabAustralian Biological Resources Study a337-3390 v110aAustralia, South West10aJuncaginaceae10aTriglochin, T. calcitrapum, T. centrocarpum, T. minutissimum, T. trichophorum, T. huegelii, T. lineare, T. mucronatum, T. muelleri, T. striatum1 aWheeler, Judy1 aMarchant, Neville1 aLewington, Margaret uhttps://juncaginaceae.myspecies.info/node/35702547nas a2200133 4500008004100000245013400041210006900175300001200244490000700256520194300263653013502206100002202341856005002363 2002 eng d00aWhy are most aquatic plants widely distributed? Dispersal, clonal growth and small-scale heterogeneity in a stressful environment0 aWhy are most aquatic plants widely distributed Dispersal clonal  a137-1540 v233 aNon-marine aquatic vascular plants generally show broad distributional ranges. Climatic factors seem to have limited effects on their distributions, besides the determination of major disjunctions (tropical-temperate-subarctic). Dispersal should have been frequent enough to assure the quick colonisation of extensive areas following glacial retreat, but dispersal limitation is still apparent in areas separated by geographic barriers. Aquatic vascular plants also show limited taxonomic differentiation and low within-species genetic variation. Variation within populations is particularly low, but variation among populations seems to be relatively high, mainly due to the persistence of long-lived clones. Ecotypic differentiation is often related to factors that constrain clonal reproduction (salinity and ephemeral inundation). Inland aquatic habitats are heterogeneous environments, but this heterogeneity largely occurs at relatively small scales (within waterbodies and among neighbouring ones). They also represent a stressful environment for plants, characterised by low carbon availability, shaded conditions, sediment anoxia, mechanical damage by currents and waves, significant restrictions to sexual reproduction, and sometimes also osmotic stress and limited nutrient supply. I propose that the generality of broad distributions and low differentiation among the inland aquatic flora is best explained by a combination of: (1) selection for stress-tolerant taxa with broad tolerance ranges. (2) The selective advantages provided by clonal growth and multiplication, which increases plant tolerance to stress, genet survivorship and population viability. (3) Long-distance dispersal of sexual propagules and high local dispersal of asexual clones. (4) The generality of broad plastic responses, promoted by the combination of clonal growth, high local dispersal, small-scale spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability.10aAquatic angiosperms, clonal reproduction, dispersal, genetic variation, geographic distribution, habitat heterogeneity, plasticity1 aSantamarĂ­a, Luis uhttps://juncaginaceae.myspecies.info/node/30900511nas a2200133 4500008004100000245007100041210006900112300001200181490000700193520008400200100002200284700002100306856005000327 2002 eng d00aWaterbird-mediated dispersal of aquatic organisms: an introduction0 aWaterbirdmediated dispersal of aquatic organisms an introduction a115-1190 v233 aIntroduction to special issue, workshop on the "Dispersal of aquatic organisms"1 aSantamarĂ­a, Luis1 aKlaassen, Marcel uhttps://juncaginaceae.myspecies.info/node/31001110nas a2200157 4500008004100000245007800041210006900119300001200188490000800200520053400208653010800742100002000850700002100870700002000891856004100911 2002 eng d00aComparison of ecosystems in the Mediterranean Basin and Western Australia0 aComparison of ecosystems in the Mediterranean Basin and Western  a177-1860 v1633 a

A comparison between fire-prone ecosystems in the Mediterranean basin and Western Australia shows convergent adaptations in structure, life forms and flora evolution. Both areas have in common summer drought and winter rainfall. Reproductive biology is mainly correlated with fire ecology; the different length of human impact and history seem to be responsible for floristic divergency in both areas. The ecological significance of pollination by insects, birds and mammals and problems of the seed banks are discussed.

10aMediterranean type ecosystems, Western Australia, pollination biology, fire-prone ecosystems, seed bank1 aPignatti, Erika1 aPignatti, Sandro1 aLadd, Philip, G uhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/2005132100611nas a2200169 4500008004100000245007300041210006900114300001200183490000700195653005000202653005200252100001900304700002200323700002400345700002200369856005000391 2002 eng d00aSystematics of Seagrasses (Zosteraceae) in Australia and New Zealand0 aSystematics of Seagrasses Zosteraceae in Australia and New Zeala a468-4840 v2710asystematics, taxonomy, ITS, trnK intron, rbcL10aZosteraceae, seagrasses, Australia, New Zealand1 aLes, Donald, H1 aMoody, Michael, L1 aJacobs, Surrey, W L1 aBayer, Randall, J uhttps://juncaginaceae.myspecies.info/node/20801807nas a2200145 4500008004100000245011000041210006900151300001200220490000700232520123300239653009901472100002101571700001901592856005001611 2002 eng d00aDispersal of aquatic organisms by waterbirds: a review of past research and priorities for future studies0 aDispersal of aquatic organisms by waterbirds a review of past re a483-4940 v473 a

1. Inland wetlands constitute ecological islands of aquatic habitat often isolated by huge areas of non-suitable terrestrial habitats. Although most aquatic organisms lack the capacity to disperse by themselves to neighbouring catchments, many species present widespread distributions consitent with frequent dispersal by migratory waterbirds.

2. A literature review indicates that bird-mediated passive transport of propagules of aquatic invertebrates and plants is a frequent process in the field, at least at a local scale. Both endozoochory (internal transport) and ectozoochory (external transport) are important processes.

3. The characteristics of the dispersed and the disperser species that facilitate such transport remain largely uninvestigated, but a small propagule size tends to favour dispersal by both internal and external transport.

4. We review the information currently available on the processes of waterbird-mediated dispersal, establishing the limits of current knowledge and highlighting problems with research methods used in previous studies, We also identify studies required in the future to further our understanding of the role of such dispersal in aquatic ecology.

10adispersal capacity, seed dispersal, egg dispersal, habitat colonisation, community composition1 aFiguerola, Jordi1 aGreen, Andy, J uhttps://juncaginaceae.myspecies.info/node/11000529nas a2200193 4500008004100000245001800041210001800059260004200077300001000119490000600129653003400135653001800169653003000187653001500217100001600232700001800248700001900266856005000285 2002 eng d00aJuncaginaceae0 aJuncaginaceae aEnfield (NH), USAbScience Publishers a56-580 v610aCentral Asia, China, Mongolia10aJuncaginaceae10aT. maritimum, T. palustre10aTriglochin1 aGrubov, V I1 aMatzenko, A E1 aPachomova, M G uhttps://juncaginaceae.myspecies.info/node/12802657nas a2200157 4500008004100000245004500041210004400086520214200130653007502272100001802347700002302365700002202388700002302410700001702433856004902450 2002 eng d00aB-Class organ identity in basal monocots0 aBClass organ identity in basal monocots3 aIn basal monocots (e.g. Acoraceae, Alismatales s. APG 1998) it is difficult to unravel the ancestral features if floral morphology by comparison with their outgroups (magnoliids) and more derived clades of monocots. Two general types occur:1) flowers with distinct sepals and petals, often two or several whorls of stamens and carpels, and intercarpellary nectaries (e.g. Alismataceae, Butomaceae, Hydrocharitaceae, Tofieldiaceae);2) flowers with an undifferentiated perianth consisting of tepals, one or two whorls of carpels, which are often centrally fused and lack intercarpellary nectaries (e.g. Acoraceae, Araceae, Aponogetonaceae, Juncaginaceae, Potamogetonaceae, Scheuchzeriaceae).Type 1 is most similar to flowers in magnoliids such as Annonaceae, Aristolochiaceae, and monocots such as Dioscoreaceae and Liliaceae, whereas type 2 is similar to magnoliids such as Saururaceae and Chloranthaceae. In current phylogenetic analyses Acoraceae are sister to all other monocots, and Aponogetonaceae are basal within Alismatales. Therefore, the second type may represent a suite of morphologically plesiomorphic character states. However, because these basal clades stand on long branches, the actual features may as well have undergone extensive anagenesis, and therefore represent autapomorphies.To elucidate floral evolution in these basal monocots, a better understanding of perianth organ identity, differentiation and development is critical. Some of the genes responsible for the differentiation of the perianth are transcription factors of the MADS-box gene family, known as B-class genes: orthologs of APETALA3 and PISTILLATA in Arabidopsis, and DEFICIENS and GLOBULOSA in Antirrhinum. Expression of B-class genes in perianth organs of basal monocots exhibiting a morphologically undifferentiated perianth would be consistent with a petaloid developmental program for these organs, even though the perianth may appear bracteolar or sepalous in later stages of development. B-class genes in the genus Triglochin (Juncaginaceae) are characterized and the application of reverse transcription in situ PCR (RT-ISPCR) is discussed.10aflower development, MADS-box genes, monocots, organ identity, RT-ISPCR1 aBuzgo, Matyas1 aSoltis, Douglas, E1 aSoltis, Pamela, S1 aHauser, Bernard, A1 aJohansen, Bo uhttps://juncaginaceae.myspecies.info/node/5602118nas a2200157 4500008004100000245008000041210006900121300001400190490000700204520160200211653005201813100001701865700001501882700001401897856004901911 2002 eng d00aFreshwater requirements of a semi-arid supratidal and floodplain salt marsh0 aFreshwater requirements of a semiarid supratidal and floodplain  a1394-14050 v253 aWhen rivers are impounded, the reduction in downstream flow can produce important and often adverse effects, especially in the estuarine environment. One or more dams have been proposed for the Olifants River system in the Western Cape, South Africa. This estuary has an extensive area of salt marsh that was examined to see whether it required occasional flooding with freshwater to wash out accumulated salts. The dominant salt marsh species, Sarcocornia pillansii, occurred in supratidal and floodplain areas where the water table was shallowest, the soil moisture highest, and the soil electrical conductivity lowest. Aerial photographs and simulated runoff data showed that no flood had covered the floodplain during the previous 80 years. The data indicate that salt marsh plants use saline groundwater during the dry months of the year in order to survive, but use the short season winter rainfall period with low salinity conditions to grow and reproduce. This study demonstrated that live roots of S. pillansii reached the water table during the dry season. Tissue and soil water potentials, the relationship between vegetation cover, depth to the water table, and electrical conductivity of the groundwater support the conclusion that saline groundwater is the only source of water during the drier months of the year. Freshwater flooding of the river in winter may be important because it covers the supratidal area with less saline water and reduces the depth to the water table on the floodplain. This makes the groundwater more accessible to the halophytes growing on the floodplain.10aSouth Africa, salt marsh, Sarcocornia pillansii1 aBornman, T G1 aAdams, J B1 aBate, G C uhttps://juncaginaceae.myspecies.info/node/29