00556nas a2200145 4500008004100000245005800041210005800099300000900157490000800166653012500174100002100299700001800320700002200338856005000360 2001 eng d00aGynoecium diversity and systematics in basal monocots0 aGynoecium diversity and systematics in basal monocots a1-650 v13610aAcorales, Alismatales, angiosperm systematics, angiospermy, carpels, Dioscoreales, flower evolution, ovules, Triuridales1 aIgersheim, Anton1 aBuzgo, Matyas1 aEndress, Peter, K uhttps://juncaginaceae.myspecies.info/node/16900394nas a2200109 4500008004100000245008700041210006900128300001200197490000800209100001800217856004900235 2001 eng d00aFlower structure and development of Araceae compared with alismatids and Acoraceae0 aFlower structure and development of Araceae compared with alisma a393-4250 v1361 aBuzgo, Matyas uhttps://juncaginaceae.myspecies.info/node/5301980nas a2200205 4500008004100000245010600041210006900147300001000216490000800226520135500234653001401589653001901603653002301622653001301645653001501658653001401673100001801687700002201705856004701727 2000 eng d00aFloral structure and development of Acoraceae and its systematic relationships with basal angiosperms0 aFloral structure and development of Acoraceae and its systematic a23-410 v1613 a

Flower development and anatomy of Acorus calamus and flower anatomy of A. gramineus were studied. Findings were compared with published reports on paleoherbs. Important developmental features include an abaxially median tepal that is initiated first and is similar to a flower-subtending bract and unidirectional flower development with an inversion of organ initiation sequence in the second tepal whorl. The mature gynoecium is largely synascidiate, but early development of carpels is plicate, and the apocarpous portion persists up to anthesis. The carpels form dorsal bulges on the style, enclosing longitudinal intercarpellary slits. The dominance of the synascidiate portion and the apical position of the placenta result from a late and distinct basal elongation of the gynoecium. Stigma, pollen transmitting tract, and ovary are filled with secretion. Secretory papillae are present from the stigma to the placenta; papillae also occur on the rims of the integuments of the ovules. In the uppermost part of the inflorescence, the adaxial floral sectors are reduced in number and structure, and at the apex of the inflorescence, a peloria-like structure is formed. Developmental and morphological similarities seem to be closer between Acorus and Piperales than between Acorus and other magnoliids.

10aAcoraceae10acomplex organs10aflower development10amonocots10apaleoherbs10aPiperales1 aBuzgo, Matyas1 aEndress, Peter, K uhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/31424101783nas a2200133 4500008004100000245007300041210006900114520129900183653006801482100001801550700001601568700001601584856004901600 2003 eng d00aPerianth development in the basal monocot Triglochin (Juncaginaceae)0 aPerianth development in the basal monocot Triglochin Juncaginace3 aPrevious studies on the perianth development of basal monocots argued that the differentiation of tepals and bracts, or of sepals and petals had not fully evolved in Acoraceae and some Alismatales (namely the lineage comprising Juncaginaceae and Potamogetonaceae). Described similarities between Acorus and Triglochin were challenged by two hypotheses:1) What was described as a "flower" in Triglochin is a pseudanthium (an inflorescence looking like a flower), and the "perianth" consists of bracts;2) Triglochin does not have an abaxial outermost "tepal" reminiscent of a flower-subtending bract, but flower development commences with two lateral (or adaxial) tepals.We illustrate the flower development of Triglochin maritimum in the framework of other Juncaginaceae (Triglochin, Maundia, Tetroncium). The developmental genetics of the perianth in basal monocots is discussed with respect to "organ identity" and "homology". Up to now, the two challenging hypotheses are not supported by our data. Triglochin has no pseudanthium, and the perianth consists of tepals. Flower development is unidirectional with a leading abaxial tepal. However, there are putative reductions in the flowers within a single inflorescence, within the genus Triglochin, as well as the entire family Juncaginaceae.10aJuncaginaceae, Alismatales, flower development, perianth, tepal1 aBuzgo, Matyas1 aSoltis, D E1 aSoltis, P S uhttps://juncaginaceae.myspecies.info/node/5502657nas a2200157 4500008004100000245004500041210004400086520214200130653007502272100001802347700002302365700002202388700002302410700001702433856004902450 2002 eng d00aB-Class organ identity in basal monocots0 aBClass organ identity in basal monocots3 aIn basal monocots (e.g. Acoraceae, Alismatales s. APG 1998) it is difficult to unravel the ancestral features if floral morphology by comparison with their outgroups (magnoliids) and more derived clades of monocots. Two general types occur:1) flowers with distinct sepals and petals, often two or several whorls of stamens and carpels, and intercarpellary nectaries (e.g. Alismataceae, Butomaceae, Hydrocharitaceae, Tofieldiaceae);2) flowers with an undifferentiated perianth consisting of tepals, one or two whorls of carpels, which are often centrally fused and lack intercarpellary nectaries (e.g. Acoraceae, Araceae, Aponogetonaceae, Juncaginaceae, Potamogetonaceae, Scheuchzeriaceae).Type 1 is most similar to flowers in magnoliids such as Annonaceae, Aristolochiaceae, and monocots such as Dioscoreaceae and Liliaceae, whereas type 2 is similar to magnoliids such as Saururaceae and Chloranthaceae. In current phylogenetic analyses Acoraceae are sister to all other monocots, and Aponogetonaceae are basal within Alismatales. Therefore, the second type may represent a suite of morphologically plesiomorphic character states. However, because these basal clades stand on long branches, the actual features may as well have undergone extensive anagenesis, and therefore represent autapomorphies.To elucidate floral evolution in these basal monocots, a better understanding of perianth organ identity, differentiation and development is critical. Some of the genes responsible for the differentiation of the perianth are transcription factors of the MADS-box gene family, known as B-class genes: orthologs of APETALA3 and PISTILLATA in Arabidopsis, and DEFICIENS and GLOBULOSA in Antirrhinum. Expression of B-class genes in perianth organs of basal monocots exhibiting a morphologically undifferentiated perianth would be consistent with a petaloid developmental program for these organs, even though the perianth may appear bracteolar or sepalous in later stages of development. B-class genes in the genus Triglochin (Juncaginaceae) are characterized and the application of reverse transcription in situ PCR (RT-ISPCR) is discussed.10aflower development, MADS-box genes, monocots, organ identity, RT-ISPCR1 aBuzgo, Matyas1 aSoltis, Douglas, E1 aSoltis, Pamela, S1 aHauser, Bernard, A1 aJohansen, Bo uhttps://juncaginaceae.myspecies.info/node/5602748nas a2200313 4500008004100000245008200041210006900123300001200192490000700204520181600211653001302027653002202040653001902062653002802081653001802109653001802127653001302145653001902158653001502177100001802192700002302210700002202233700001702255700001302272700002302285700002202308700001702330856008702347 2006 eng d00aPerianth development in the basal monocot Triglochin maritima (Juncaginaceae)0 aPerianth development in the basal monocot Triglochin maritima Ju a107-1250 v223 a

Basal monocots exhibit considerable variation in inflorescence and floral structure. In some cases, such as Triglochin maritima, it is not clear whether the lateral and terminal structures of the inflorescence are flowers or pseudanthia, or where the limits between flowers and inflorescence lie. To address these questions, morphological studies were carried out, and the results show that in T. maritima both terminal and lateral structures are flowers, not pseudanthia. The terminal flower of T. maritima develops from the apical inflorescence meristem, suggesting that the apical meristem identity changes from ‘‘inflorescence’’ to ‘‘flower’’ during inflorescence development. In addition, distal flowers of T. maritima are reduced, and there is no distinct flower-subtending bract; instead, the perianth develops unidirectionally, resulting in an abaxial-median bract-like tepal and bilaterally symmetrical flowers, similar to those of other basal monocots, such as Aponogeton and Acorus. It is possible that the leaf primordium changes its positional homology from ‘‘flower-subtending bract’’ to ‘‘tepal.’’ Therefore, in some basal angiosperms with abbreviated development of lateral flowers the demarcation of the flower vs. the inflorescence is ontogenetically ambiguous. In situ hybridization experiments show that a putative ortholog of the B-class gene APETALA3 / DEFICIENS is expressed in developing stamens and carpels, and may also be expressed in the shoot axis of the very young inflorescence. This expression pattern seems to be consistent with the gradual transition between inflorescence and flower that was observed morphologically.

10aAPETALA310abasal angiosperms10afading borders10agene expression pattern10aJuncaginaceae10aMADS-box gene10amonocots10aorgan identity10aTriglochin1 aBuzgo, Matyas1 aSoltis, Douglas, E1 aSoltis, Pamela, S1 aKim, Sangtae1 aMa, Hong1 aHauser, Bernard, A1 aLeebens-Mack, Jim1 aJohansen, Bo uhttp://curis.ku.dk/ws/files/13860089/PERIANTH_DEVELOPMENT_IN_THE_BASAL_MONOCOT.pdf