00556nas a2200145 4500008004100000245005800041210005800099300000900157490000800166653012500174100002100299700001800320700002200338856005000360 2001 eng d00aGynoecium diversity and systematics in basal monocots0 aGynoecium diversity and systematics in basal monocots a1-650 v13610aAcorales, Alismatales, angiosperm systematics, angiospermy, carpels, Dioscoreales, flower evolution, ovules, Triuridales1 aIgersheim, Anton1 aBuzgo, Matyas1 aEndress, Peter, K uhttps://juncaginaceae.myspecies.info/node/16902130nas a2200145 4500008004100000245011300041210006900154300001200223490000800235520160300243653004601846100002201892700002001914856005001934 1990 eng d00aNon-tetrasporangiate stamens in the angiosperms: structure, systematic distribution and evolutionary aspects0 aNontetrasporangiate stamens in the angiosperms structure systema a193-2400 v1123 aDerivations from the normal tetrasporangiate, dithecal pattern of angiosperm stamens are presented in a comparative study of numerous taxa and a literature survey. Regularly occuring polysporangiate stamens (with more than 4 sporangia) are known from 18 families, all dicotyledons, regularly occurring disporangiate stamens from c. 50 families. Most polysporangiate stamens have retained thecal organization with two longitudinal dehiscence lines: each of the 4 pollen sacs is simply transversally and sometimes also longitudinally subdivided into numerous sporangia. Thecal organization is lost in some Viscaceae, Polyporandra (Icacinaceae), and Mitrastemonaceae, where each sporangium individually dehisces by a pore, and in Rafflesia, where all sporangia merge into one large pore. These deviating stamen forms are often correlated with specialized pollination biology: athecal polysporangiate anthers with pollen presentation in mucilaginous masses through pores and fly pollination; dithecal disporangiate anthers with (1) also pollen presentation in mucilaginous masses through relatively small openings and often fly pollination, (2) precise secondary pollen presentation on the gynoecium, (3) cleistogamy, (4) opening with valves. In these cases efficient wide gaping of 2 mirror-symmetrical halves of each theca is not possible. The biological context and the systematic distribution strongly support the hypothesis that the cohesiveness of the basic dithecal, tetrasporangiate pattern is at least partly due to functional constraints at the time of pollen release from the mature anthers.10aangiosperms, non-tetrasporangiate stamens1 aEndress, Peter, K1 aStumpf, Susanne uhttps://juncaginaceae.myspecies.info/node/10301980nas a2200205 4500008004100000245010600041210006900147300001000216490000800226520135500234653001401589653001901603653002301622653001301645653001501658653001401673100001801687700002201705856004701727 2000 eng d00aFloral structure and development of Acoraceae and its systematic relationships with basal angiosperms0 aFloral structure and development of Acoraceae and its systematic a23-410 v1613 a

Flower development and anatomy of Acorus calamus and flower anatomy of A. gramineus were studied. Findings were compared with published reports on paleoherbs. Important developmental features include an abaxially median tepal that is initiated first and is similar to a flower-subtending bract and unidirectional flower development with an inversion of organ initiation sequence in the second tepal whorl. The mature gynoecium is largely synascidiate, but early development of carpels is plicate, and the apocarpous portion persists up to anthesis. The carpels form dorsal bulges on the style, enclosing longitudinal intercarpellary slits. The dominance of the synascidiate portion and the apical position of the placenta result from a late and distinct basal elongation of the gynoecium. Stigma, pollen transmitting tract, and ovary are filled with secretion. Secretory papillae are present from the stigma to the placenta; papillae also occur on the rims of the integuments of the ovules. In the uppermost part of the inflorescence, the adaxial floral sectors are reduced in number and structure, and at the apex of the inflorescence, a peloria-like structure is formed. Developmental and morphological similarities seem to be closer between Acorus and Piperales than between Acorus and other magnoliids.

10aAcoraceae10acomplex organs10aflower development10amonocots10apaleoherbs10aPiperales1 aBuzgo, Matyas1 aEndress, Peter, K uhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/314241